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Irish Dominated American Immigration for Decades

The Irish Immigration Supremacy Period When Irish Were #1 (or Close) 1840s-1850s: DOMINANT - Irish were the largest immigrant group by far 1860s-1880s: Still #1 or #2 - Competed with Germans 1890s: Declining - Germans, Italians, Eastern Europeans overtaking   The Numbers - Irish vs. Other Groups 1840s Immigration to America: Irish: ~780,000 Germans: ~435,000 British: ~267,000 Irish = 45% of ALL immigrants that decade 1850s Immigration (Peak Irish Decade): Irish: ~914,000 Germans: ~951,000 (Germans barely edged out Irish) British: ~424,000 Irish = 35% of all immigrants Combined Irish + German = 71% of all immigrants 1860s: Germans: ~787,000 (#1) Irish: ~435,000 (#2) British: ~607,000 1870s: Germans: ~718,000 (#1) Irish: ~436,000 (#2) British: ~548,000 1880s: Germans: ~1,452,000 (#1) Irish: ~655,000 (#3) British: ~807,000 (#2) Scandinavians rising Eastern Europeans beginning   The Visual Reality In 1850, if you walked through: New York City immigrant wards: E...

The Great Famine: How One Catastrophe Created Irish America

The Great Famine: How One Catastrophe Created Irish America The Irish presence in America is fundamentally a story of survival, not opportunity. While other immigrant groups came seeking better lives, the Irish fled death itself. The Great Famine of 1845-1852 wasn't merely a tragedy—it was a demographic explosion that overnight transformed a trickle of Irish immigrants into a flood that would permanently alter American cities and culture. Before the potato blight struck, Irish immigration was modest and manageable. After it began, desperation drove over 1.5 million Irish across the Atlantic in a single decade, creating the ethnic enclaves, political machines, and cultural institutions that still define cities like Boston, New York, and Cleveland today. Without those seven years of starvation, Irish-Americans would likely be a footnote rather than a cornerstone of American history. The famine didn't just send people to America—it created an entirely new people, forged by share...

Irish & Black Builders of the Big Top: American Circus/Carnival Workforce, 1845-1920

  Irish & Black Builders of the Big Top: American Circus/Carnival Workforce, 1845-1920 In the dusty fields and crowded city lots of America between the 1840s and 1920s, massive canvas tents rose from the ground seemingly overnight, transforming empty spaces into worlds of wonder. Behind this magic stood two communities whose contributions have often been overlooked: Irish immigrants and African Americans. Together, they formed the essential workforce that built, performed in, and sustained the American circus industry during its explosive growth and golden age. Their stories reveal both the harsh realities of racial and ethnic discrimination and the creative resilience that allowed these communities to shape American popular entertainment across nearly eight decades.   The Irish: From Famine Refugees to Canvasmen The Great Migration and Labor Exclusion Between 1845 and 1852, Ireland's Great Famine drove over 1.7 million Irish to American shores. These refuge...

Cessair: Ireland's First Arrival and the Pre-Flood Mystery

The Woman Who Came Before the Deluge According to Ireland's ancient texts, the very first person to set foot on the Emerald Isle wasn't a warrior king, a druid priest, or even a male leader. It was a woman. And she arrived before Noah's Flood. Her name was Cessair (also spelled Cesair or Ceasair), and her story—preserved in the Lebor Gabála Érenn (Book of the Taking of Ireland)—is one of the most remarkable and overlooked origin myths in Western literature. While most nations trace their founding to conquering heroes or divine ancestors, Ireland claims its first inhabitants were refugees from the Biblical apocalypse , led by a woman who had been refused entry to Noah's Ark . This isn't a minor detail in Irish mythology. It's the foundation story. The beginning of everything. And it raises profound questions about what the Irish actually believed about their origins—and what they might have been trying to preserve.   The Story of Cessair: Fleeing the Floo...